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Forum de la Mémoire d’El Moudjahid , Lecture de la Proclamation du Premier Novembre 1954 : Un texte de référence - Algerie360
Dans la nuit du 31 octobre au 1er Novembre 1954, le Front de libération nationale diffusait une déclaration annonçant le déclenchement de la lutte armée contre l’occupant avec l’objectif de mettre fin à une colonisation qui dure depuis 1830.
«Peuple algérien, militants de la cause nationale, à vous qui êtes appelés à nous juger (le premier d’une façon générale, les seconds tout particulièrement), notre souci en diffusant la présente proclamation est de vous éclairer sur les raisons profondes qui nous ont poussés à agir en vous exposant notre programme, le sens de notre action, le bien-fondé de nos vues dont le but demeure l’indépendance nationale dans le cadre nord-africain. Notre désir aussi est de vous éviter la confusion que pourraient entretenir l’impérialisme et ses agents administratifs et autres politicailleurs véreux (…)» (Extrait de la Proclamation du Premier Novembre 1954 adressée au peuple algérien).
Dans la nuit du 31 octobre au 1er Novembre 1954, le Front de libération nationale diffusait une déclaration annonçant le déclenchement de la lutte armée contre l’occupant avec l’objectif de mettre fin à une colonisation qui dure depuis 1830. Il faut dire que s’il y a un document historique qui fait l’objet d’un consensus national, c’est bien la Déclaration du 1er Novembre 1954. Tous les historiens s’accordent à dire que ce document à dimensions politique, culturelle, religieuse et philosophique constitue toujours une référence pour l’ensemble des Algériens, car il est considéré comme un projet de société.
Hier, au Forum de la mémoire d’El Moudjahid, initié en coordination avec l’association Machaâl Echahid, le chercheur en histoire, le professeur Bachir Madini, a souligné que cette proclamation avait sonné le glas du colonialisme. Comme elle peut être considérée comme la carte d’identité de la révolution algérienne qui se distingue des autres révolutions (française, américaine…) par ce document exceptionnel. Exceptionnel, car ses rédacteurs ne sont ni des universitaires ni des diplômés de grandes écoles. Au Forum de la mémoire d’El Moudjahid, la conférence s’est voulue une lecture académique et analytique d’un texte original par son contenu et par son message.
Dans son intervention, le professeur Madini a expliqué qu’en fait, la Proclamation du Premier Novembre rédigée en langue française et trois versions. L’une adressée au peuple algérien, l’autre à ceux qui allaient renforcer les rangs de l’ALN, et la troisième à l’opinion internationale. Et toutes les trois expliquaient les objectifs de la Révolution. Le conférencier a axé son intervention sur la portée et les concepts cités dans la Déclaration de Novembre.
Il dira de prime abord que la date du 1er Novembre 1954 est une date importante dans l’histoire de l’Algérie, car elle a signé l’acte de naissance d’une révolution exemplaire dans les annales des mouvements de libération des peuples. La décision d’opter pour une action armée n’était pas le fait du hasard. Les rédacteurs de cette plate-forme adressée aux militants de la cause nationale et au peuple algérien avaient un seul message : «La lutte pacifique ne mènera à rien».
Le peuple algérien soumis par la brutalité des armes et enchaîné par l’odieux code de l’indigénat qui le dépouillait de ses droits et de ses biens a subi, depuis l’invasion française de 1830, les pires sévices de l’impitoyable système colonial. Toutes ses révoltes de résistance à l’occupation furent écrasées dans le sang. Par ailleurs, Bachir Madini a expliqué que ce document n’est pas le fruit du hasard, mais l’idée revient à Mohamed Boudiaf. Une idée qui a germé dans sa tête et partagée par Didouche Mourad, au lendemain des massacres du 8 Mai 1945.
Aussi, dès 1946, il a contacté Mohamed Laichaoui, journaliste installé en France, et publiant des articles dans le journal Le Monde arabe. C’est ainsi, des années plus tard, que Mohamed Laichaoui, parce qu’il excellait dans l’écriture, a été chargé de rédiger le document, sous la direction de Didouche Mourad et de Mohamed Boudiaf. Le conférencier dira que c’est Mustapha Ben Boulaïd qui avait suggéré d’ajouter : «L’État algérien souverain, démocratique et social dans le cadre des principes islamiques». Il y a lieu de souligner un autre point important de cette Proclamation.
Il s’agit de la disposition relative aux préalables qu’il fallait poser avant toute discussion avec l’ennemi. Ces préalables étaient d’ailleurs maintenus jusqu’à la signature des Accords d’Évian en 1962. Cette proclamation se pose comme un texte référentiel daté. C’est-à-dire, elle représente un acte fondateur d’une nouvelle démarche à suivre dans le processus libérateur.
Une simple lecture de la Proclamation du 1er Novembre 1954 suffit pour comprendre toute sa portée. Il s’agit d’un texte adressé d’abord et avant tout au peuple algérien (le peuple algérien cité 14 fois) et à tous les militants de la cause nationale (évoquée 8 fois). Il faut rappeler que le texte a été traduit par Ahmed Tewfik El Madani.
Et justement, à propos de la traduction, le moudjahid Salah Rahmani a relevé qu’elle n’a pas été très fidèle, notamment en ce qui concerne le passage «Restauration de l’État algérien». Ce qui fera dire au professeur en histoire Bachir Madini qu’il est connu que la traduction est une traîtrise, et qu’il n’y a aucune mauvaise intention. Pour lui, le document doit garder son caractère historique. Un document qui a tracé les premiers sillons pour semer les graines de la liberté et du recouvrement de la souveraineté nationale.