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Raïs Betchine, le politicien, putschiste et constructeur de mosquée qui a défié le sultan ottoman - Algerie360
Entre la place des martyrs et le lycée Emir Abdelkader, il y a une petite bâtisse surmontée de fenêtres et d’un minaret qui parait bien étrange par sa petite hauteur et sa forme. Elle ne ressemble pas vraiment à une mosquée mais elle n’est pas comparable non plus aux autres habitations et palais de la Casbah.
Les responsables locaux ont mis à l’entrée une pancarte publicitaire portant la mention « Jamaa (mosquée) Ali Betchine ».
Cette mosquée est la seule dans la Casbah a être construite au-dessus de locaux commerciaux. Son architecture est unique. La salle de prière se trouve à 5 ou six mètres du niveau du sol et laisse le champ, en dessous, à l’activité commerciale.
La mosquée a beau paraître modeste, elle reste l’une des plus belles et des plus anciennes mosquées d’Alger, la Bahdja…. La mosquée à cependant été victime de mutilations successives à travers comme ce fut le cas de nomvre de mosquées du vieux Alger.
Comment Piccini l’italien devint Betchine l’Algérien
Cette mosquée était célèbre pour la fontaine qui se trouvait à l’entrée, appelée « Ain charaa »(fontaine de la rue) durant la période ottomane et même jusqu’au début du 20ème siècle. Elle faisait face à une autre fontaine. C’est pour cela que le quartier a pris le nom de « Zouj 3youn » (les deux fontaines).
L’homme qui a financé la construction de ce « masjid al-3atiq » (vieille mosquée) n’était pas ordinaire. Il était fortuné et possédait deux somptueux palais à Alger et 500 esclaves et serviteurs, marins ou agriculteurs.
Quand Betchine parlait en langue arabe, il le faisait avec un accent étranger… La raison? Avant de s’installer à Alger, il était italien. Il a été capturé par les marins algériens et il a du probablement remercier Dieu toute sa vie pour cette « mésaventure » qui fit d’un illustre inconnu une des personnalités politiques et militaires les plus en vue dans le monde entre 1630 et 1646.
Après s’être converti à l’islam, Piccini ou Piccininni selon d’autres sources, est devenu en quelques années un enfant du pays, un « oulid lebled », au sein plein du terme, un des notables de la ville de Sidi Abderrahmane. Mais sous un nouveau look. Même son nom s’est islamisé et arabisé pour devenir Ali Betchine.
L’homme est monté en grade dans la marine militaire algérienne devenant un de ses principaux chefs avant d’en devenir le commandant général dans la première moitié du 17ème siècle. Il obtint ainsi le titre de Raïs qui est l’équivalent de l’Amiral aujourd’hui.
En conflit avec le sultan de la Sublime porte
Son nom était craint dans les villes et villages du sud de l’Europe en méditerranée et même sur la côté Atlantique. Même le pouvoir ottoman à la Sublime Porte le craignait.
Le Raïs Ali Betchine épousa l’une des filles du roi de Djebel Koukou et renforça sa position en ayant le soutien et l’appui de la région de la Kabylie.
Ce type d’alliance politique par le mariage était courant et même à la mode. Kheirredine Barberousse a, par exemple, épousé une jijilienne à son débarquement à Jijel pour aider sa population contre les croisés. Salah Bey Ben Mustapha s’est allié aussi par le mariage aux Al-Mokrani à Medjana. Il était en même temps le gendre du Bey Si Ahmed El Kolli qui l’a précédé au Beylick de Constantine…
Becthine en s’alliant au roi Koukou est devenu l’homme fort par excellence qui a défié le sultan Ottoman et l’a fait enrager au point d’envoyer un commando spécial à Alger pour lui ramener sa tête en 1644!
Ce fut une tentative vaine. L’affaire a pour origine un différend entre entre Betchine et le Dey qui s’est envenimée au point de susciter une intervention de la sublime porte.
Le sultan ottoman a cependant mal estimé le poids de Betchine et son influence. A peine ses «envoyés spéciaux» arrivés au port que le Raïs se préparait à frapper. Les membres du commando se sentant piégés se sont réfugiés au tombeau de Sidi Abderrahmane sur le conseil du Dey et de son diwan pour bénéficier de l’immunité du saint patron.
Ils y restèrent de longs jours jusqu’à ce que, sa colère s’apaisant, Ali Betchine leur a accordé « l’aman » (la garantie de vie sauve).
La désobéissance de Ali Betchine ne s’arrêta pas là. Il organisa quelques temps après un coup d’Etat militaire contre le pacha désigné par le sultan avec l’aide de certaines tribus kabyles de Filissa. Sa tentative échoua.
Une mosquée mutilée
Mais Ali Betchine s’engagea dans une rébellion ouverte jusqu’a ce qu’il meure empoisonné, selon certaines sources historiques, au début des années 50 du 17ème siècle.
Son enterrement fut imposant et une foule, d’un nombre sans précédent dans l’histoire de la ville, y assista. Ali Betchine, en dépit de ses ambitions politiques, a engagé également des actions caritatives.
Il a construit la mosquée qui continue de porter son nom aujourd’hui, près de la place de martyrs au croissement des rues entre Bab El Oued et la Casbah.
Une mosquée qui s’étend sur 500 m² et qui était d’un grand raffinement artistique. Il semble donc que le « hobby » de l’inauguration des mosquées dans l’Algérie n’est qu’une forme adaptée d’une pratique commencée par les anciennes générations de politiciens sur le mode « œuvre pour ta postérité et pour le jour du jugement dernier ».
Ali Betchine a terminé la réalisation de sa mosquée qui a été accueillie avec joie par les habitants de la ville en 1622. Elle est restée un témoin de sa générosité après son décès, fière avec son haut minaret.
Les occupants français ont cassé le minaret qui passa d’une hauteur de 15 mètre à quelques mètres seulement. Son aspect a été radicalement mutilé également en 1868.
La mosquée fut transformée en pharmacie centrale de l’armée coloniale avant d’être versée dans le patrimoine de l’église. Ce sera l’église de Notre dame de la victoire.
L’administration coloniale avait auparavant détruit la plus grande et la plus vieille des mosquées à Alger connu sous le nom de « masjid assiyda » et de dizaines d’autres édifices. En 1962, la mosquée Ali Betchine repris sa vocation initiale. Les gens y ont prié.