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Le commandant Slimane Bouatba nous a quittés il y a quarante jours,Le commandant Slimane Bouatba (au centre) entouré de ses collaborateurs - Algerie360
Il a fait plusieurs voyages de repérage en France entre 1970 et 1972 pour organiser la chasse aux criminels de guerre. Il a été sur les traces des Bigeard, Massu, Aussaresses et les autres, ceux de la DST, Joseph Loffredo, le capitaine Léger.
Ancien officier de l’ALN en zone I, Wilaya IV, Slimane Bouatba, connu sous le nom de guerre d’El Cheikh, nous a quittés il y a quarante jours. Figure illustre de la guerre de Libération nationale, commandant à la Wilaya IV historique, le défunt Slimane Bouatba a appartenu à cette génération d’Algériens qui ont fait que nous soyons aujourd’hui libres. Le sort a voulu qu’il rende l’âme durant les festivités marquant le Cinquantenaire de l’Indé-pendance. Il a été de ceux qui ont fait partie de la première compagnie d’acheminement d’armes au début de 1957 de Tunisie vers le front intérieur. Arrêté durant la même année, au cours d’une embuscade à Oued Yesser, il a fait de la prison. En 1961, il s’évade au cours de son procès. D’ailleurs, cette évasion spectaculaire a été relatée dans les colonnes de L’Echo d’Alger (voir fac-similé).
Il a été torturé à maintes reprises durant les années de guerre. «Des semaines et des semaines d’interrogatoires et de tortures», témoigne-t-il en décembre de l’année 2000 dans les colonnes de l’hebdomadaire français L’Humanité ajoutant, qu’ «après l’indépendance, j’avais le projet d’organiser la chasse aux criminels de guerre. Les Bigeard, Massu, Aussaresses et les autres, ceux de la DST, Joseph Loffredo, le capitaine Léger. J’ai été plusieurs fois en France en voyage de repérage entre 1970 et 1972». Dans une longue interview publiée dans un livre édité en 1981 par le quotidien français Le Monde et intitulé La Guerre d’Algérie, le commandant Bouatba y retrace les péripéties d’une épopée qui a commencé en 1954 alors qu’il était étudiant.
A titre posthume, nous reproduisons quelques questions de cette interview dans l’espoir de restituer une infime partie de l’action nationaliste et combattante accomplie par ce baroudeur d’exception.
Comment êtes-vous devenu nationaliste?
A cause de la réification de tout un peuple. Et de la prise de conscience de la situation coloniale comme quelque chose de choquant, d’anormal, d’historiquement boiteux, invivable. Mon père était cadi. Il incarnait pour moi la vieille tradition arabo-musulmane dans ce qu’elle a gardé de cohérent: cela va du costume à la mentalité, du comportement aux références éthiques, esthétiques, etc. Et ce, malgré la colonisation. Mais il représentait un monde en train de disparaître, un monde en voie de clochardisation. Lycéens, nous étions informés: guerre d’Indochine, indépendance de l’Inde, victoire de la Chine de Mao, nous assistions au phénomène mondial de la décolonisation des années 1945-1955. Nous étions une intelligentsia, certes limitée par le nombre et les moyens, mais qui voulait faire un pays indépendant.
Quelle a été votre action auprès des étudiants?
J’étais étudiant avant 1954 et théoriquement jusqu’en mai 1956 – début de la grève des étudiants -, d’abord à Alger, puis à Paris. A Alger, il n’y avait que 500 étudiants algériens sur un total de 5 000; nous étions regroupés dans l’Aeman (Association des étudiants musulmans d’Afrique du Nord), nous voulions créer quelque chose de plus national, sur le modèle récent de l’Union générale des étudiants tunisiens, alors que le Mouvement national entrait dans une phase décisive. A Paris, l’Union des Algériens de Paris (UAP), dont j’étais secrétaire général, regroupait des musulmans, mais aussi des Algériens non musulmans, notamment des juifs progressistes. Où pouvions-nous regrouper nos étudiants? Certains, comme Inal, Harbi, voulaient créer une Union générale des étudiants d’Algérie (Ugea), mais d’autres, comme Belaïd Abdessalam et moi, nous insistions pour une Union générale des étudiants musulmans d’Algérie (Ugema), l’adjectif «musulman» soulignant le problème culturel qui se posait. Les étudiants musulmans étaient particulièrement menacés par la politique de dépersonnalisation coloniale. Pour rester fidèles à leur peuple, il leur fallait marquer leur attachement à leur culture nationale, d’essence arabo-islamique. En 1955, à la conférence préparatoire du congrès constitutif, s’instaura un véritable débat idéologique avec les communistes. Léon Feix, dans Les Cahiers du communisme, venait de réactiver la thèse de la «nation algérienne en formation», chère à Maurice Thorez; cela choquait notre sentiment national; le peuple algérien est différent par la langue, la religion, l’histoire… de la communauté européenne.
Comment avez-vous été amené à diriger El Moudjahid?
En juillet 1957, le CCE (Comité de coordination et d’exécution) a décidé de relancer El Moudjahid en Tunisie (d’abord à Tétouan, puis à Tunis), à partir du n°8. J’ai été nommé à la direction du journal par Abbane, Ben Khedda et Dahlab. Je travaillais avec Frantz Fanon, Ali Haroun, Pierre Chaulet, etc. Et aussi avec Ahmed Boumendjel qui s’occupait des relations avec les journalistes étrangers.
Avez-vous participé à la préparation des manifestations de Décembre 1960?
Non, les manifestations de Décembre 1960 étaient complètement spontanées; nous avons même été surpris par leur ampleur; bien sûr, quand nous avons vu le tour que cela prenait, nous avons cherché à les encadrer et à les organiser; mais au départ, elles étaient complètement inorganisées. Cela reflétait bien l’esprit de la population algérienne: pour agiter des drapeaux aux couleurs du FLN, il faut les avoir fabriqués avant, chez soi, à la maison. Ensuite, j’ai été recapturé en 1961. Mais je me suis évadé lors d’une audience de mon procès, ce qui a eu un grand retentissement.
Et en 1962, où étiez-vous?
J’étais responsable de la région-est d’Alger, qui dépendait de la Wilaya IV. Le Gpra a créé la Zaa (zone autonome d’Alger) et il a envoyé Azzedine pour la commander, avec un ordre spécial, signé de Ben Khedda lui-même. La Wilaya IV a dissous, puis décapité la Zaa, parce qu’elle ne voulait cautionner ni le groupe de Tlemcen ni le groupe de Tizi Ouzou. Nous voulions rester en dehors des querelles de pouvoir. Après 1962, j’ai pris le maquis contre Ben Bella, et je ne suis rentré à Alger qu’en 1965, après un accord avec Ben Bella. Quinze jours après est survenu le coup d’État de Boumediene. Je suis resté à l’écart de toute activité politique ou autre, jusqu’en décembre 1969, où j’ai été rappelé au ministère de la Défense. J’y ai rempli des fonctions jusqu’à la fin de 1972. En juillet 1962, Ben Bella et l’état-major de l’ALN, dirigé par Boumediene, sont rentrés en Algérie par le Maroc et se sont installés à Tlemcen, alors que le Gpra, dirigé par Ben Khedda, est entré par la Tunisie et s’est installé à Tizi Ouzou avec Krim, qui tenait la Kabylie (…).
Nous reproduisons le début de l’article publié par L’Echo d’Alger en Mars 1961 (joint en fac-similé) où a été décrite l’évasion du commandant Slimane Bouatba lors de son procès.
Slimane Bouatba, chef d’une cellule terroriste, s’est évadé hier au cours de son procès
Profitant d’une suspension d’audience, il a neutralisé un gendarme et pris la fuite. Peine de réclusion (12 ans) et de prison (10 ans) aux autres accusés – Deux acquittements.
Procès à sensation hier au tribunal permanent des forces armées siégeant à rue Colonna- d’Ornano, où l’on avait à juger huit hommes qui constituaient une cellule terroriste FLN
Au cours de la suspension d’audience, à 10h30, le chef de cette cellule, Slimane Bouatba, demandait au gendarme de l’accompagner aux toilettes. On accéda à cette requête. Passant devant une fenêtre du couloir qui mène aux toilettes, Slimane Bouatba se retourna soudain vers son gardien, lui portant un violent coup de pied au ventre et profita de la confusion qui suivit pour sauter par la fenêtre, tomber rue Ménerville et détaler.
Restaient donc sept hommes dans le box à la reprise d’audience. L’acte d’accusation est lourd de méfaits.
22 mars 1961: attaque d’une patrouille, à la grenade, rue de la Lyre.
23 mars 1961: attentat à la grenade contre un bar du boulevard Amiral-Guepratte à Belcourt. L’engin bien que dégoupillé n’a pas explosé. (….)