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l'ambassadeur de Chine en Algérie, Liu Yuhe,«L'Afrique du Nord est entrée dans une phase de grande mutation» - Algerie360
l’ambassadeur de Chine en Algérie, Liu Yuhe, développe le point de vue de son gouvernement sur les sujets d’actualité comme les crises syrienne et libyenne et les relations sino-algériennes.
L’Expression: Quel regard portez-vous, Votre Excellence, sur l’état des relations sino-algériennes lors de ces dernières années?
Liu Yuhe: L’Algérie et la Chine sont liées par une traditionnelle amitié qui remonte à loin. Sur le plan politique, il y avait un soutien mutuel des deux pays et les deux peuples, dans la lutte pour l’indépendance et aussi pour leur édification. Au niveau diplomatique, les deux pays poursuivent leurs concertations constantes basées sur un soutien réciproque.. Ils ne ménagent aucun effort pour apporter leur contribution dans l’instauration d’un nouvel ordre mondial et pour l’instauration de la paix et de la stabilité dans le monde. S’agissant de la coopération économique, les deux pays sont en complémentarité. La Chine est à son 2e plan quinquennal axé sur le développement et la restructuration de son économie alors que l’Algérie est entrée dans une phase décisive de son développement en engageant un nouveau programme quinquennal. On constate une hausse dans le volume des échanges commerciaux. Celui-ci est de l’ordre de 4,37 milliards de dollars, soit une hausse de 11,2% comparativement à l’année passée. Ils sont de plus en plus nombreux les Algériens qui effectuent des voyages d’affaires en Chine. Nous délivrons 15.000 visas par an aux Algériens. Nous avons accordé 30 bourses aux étudiants algériens afin de suivre leur formation en Chine. Nous coopérons avec l’Algérie sur le plan culturel, agricole, etc. Il y a une grande volonté d’élargir cette coopération.
Votre pays est déjà le troisième fournisseur de l’Algérie et vous comptez développer votre présence dans le bâtiment, l’hydraulique et les routes. Qu’est-ce qui attire tant vos entreprises et quelles sont leurs chances pour décrocher des marchés?
Les deux pays sont en voie de développement. Nous sommes confrontés aux mêmes défis consistant à satisfaire, séparément, les besoins des deux peuples. En tant que pays ami, nous sommes satisfaits du développement que connaît l’Algérie. Le gouvernement chinois accorde une grande importance au développement de la coopération économique. Pour nous, l’homme doit être au centre de ce développement. C’est ainsi que nous encourageons nos entreprises à venir investir en Algérie. Les sociétés chinoises déjà installées, sont toujours en place. L’Algérie vise à jeter une base industrielle solide pour l’après-pétrole. Une telle stratégie présente d’énormes opportunités aux sociétés qui veulent investir. Nos entreprises sont réputées par leur efficacité et la qualité de travail. Je pense qu’elles pourront accélérer et contribuer aux chantiers lancés par l’Algérie dans les domaines du logement, des infrastructures routières, de la construction des barrages, etc. Il reste à connaître les priorités, par domaines d’investissement et par secteurs d’activité, du gouvernement algérien. Plusieurs sociétés sont en train de prospecter les possibilités d’élargir leur coopération et investir davantage.
Les investisseurs algériens et même étrangers se plaignent du climat des affaires en Algérie. Quelles sont les difficultés que rencontrent les entreprises chinoises?
Le problème se pose d’abord avant de venir en Algérie. Nos entreprises se plaignent des difficultés dans l’octroi des visas. Là, c’est un problème qui reste posé. Il y a également un problème de langue et de distance. Concernant le cadre juridique, par exemple la règle 51/49 ne dérange en aucun cas nos sociétés.
A combien estimez-vous, Votre Excellence, le nombre des ressortissants chinois qui séjournent en Algérie?
Globalement, il y a environ 30.000 Chinois en Algérie. Ce nombre évolue presque chaque jour, tant qu’il y des départs et des arrivées. Pour les sans-papiers, je dirais qu’ils sont très peu. Dans la majorité des situations, il s’agit plutôt des ressortissants qui égarent leurs papiers ou qui ne renouvellent pas leurs cartes de séjour. La validité du séjour est accordée conformément aux délais de réalisation des projets contractés avec les sociétés chinoises en Algérie. Parfois, il est nécessaire que l’entreprise demande un prolongement dans les délais pour achever le projet en chantier, alors que son personnel oublie de déposer une demande de renouvellement de sa carte de séjour. Pour la construction de l’autoroute Est-Ouest, il avait 10.000 Chinois, aujourd’hui le nombre est inférieur à 3000. Les autres sont rentrés en Chine. Par contre, il y a des Chinois qui se marient avec des Algériennes, ils restent donc en Algérie.
La Palestine, la Syrie et le Yémen, la Libye, l’Egypte et la Tunisie traversent des moments décisifs de leur histoire, le tout au milieu de pressions occidentales, comment faites-vous entendre votre voix sur ces dossiers?
L’Afrique du Nord et l’Asie de l’Ouest sont entrées dans une phase de grandes mutations. En réalité, c’est un processus du développement économique et social de ces pays. Dans un autre registre, ce sont les effets de l’impact de la profonde crise financière internationale. Avec cette crise, le monde entier est profondément touché. Aucun pays n’est épargné. On constate que ces impacts ont encore des effets profonds. Certains pays européens sont au bord de la faillite. Pour les pays en développement, on a subi des effets plus graves que ces pays. Les pays arabes ont du pétrole et du gaz. Ce n’est pas l’argent qui manque, mais en général on a une économie centrée sur ces énergies. Donc, quand il y a une crise financière internationale, elle peut avoir des effets sur le coût du pétrole et les économies des pays. Pour le Monde arabe, il y a des problèmes communs, mais on n’est pas au même stade du développement aussi bien sur les plans économique que politique et social. De notre côté, la Chine respecte le principe de non-ingérence. Pour nous, il n’y a pas un seul modèle de développement et de la démocratie, et ce même au sein de l’Union européenne. Chaque pays a ses problèmes. Il faut respecter le choix de ces pays. Il appartient aux peuples des pays concernés de décider de leur avenir. Ceci dit, les pays qui connaissent des émeutes et des manifestations doivent faire preuve d’une retenue, ne pas avoir recours à la violence et prendre des mesures appropriées pour trouver une solution aux problèmes posés. La communauté internationale doit jouer un rôle positif et apporter une contribution à l’instauration de la paix. La Chine, en sa qualité de membre permanent du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU, essaie de jouer un rôle constructif et positif. Nous soutenons les efforts de la Ligue arabe et de l’Union africaine qui jouent un rôle de premier plan pour résoudre les problèmes posés. La solution aux problèmes africains doit être africaine.
Tout le monde craint que la Syrie connaisse le même sort que la Libye. Quel regard porte le gouvernement chinois sur la crise syrienne?
La Chine suit de près ce qui se passe en Syrie. Nous avons, maintes fois, exprimé notre préoccupation. Le problème s’aggrave. Nous avons appelé le gouvernement syrien à appliquer sérieusement le processus politique inclusif sur le plan des réformes, faire preuve de retenue et éviter toute forme de violence. La communauté internationale doit jouer un rôle constructif et non pas jeter de l’huile sur le feu. Le Moyen-Orient est miné de problèmes, donc il ne faut pas l’amplifier davantage. Il y a certains pays qui aiment avoir recours aux sanctions et usent de la force pour régler ces problèmes. En réalité, le problème syrien est du ressort des affaires internes de ce pays. Il n’y a pas un accord à l’ONU sur l’utilisation de la force, car la voie des sanctions n’est pas le seul moyen aux règlements des crises internes. Même s’il reste une chance de paix, il faut regrouper tous les efforts et se donner à 100% pour l’exploiter positivement et apporter une solution politique. Nous avons l’exemple de la Libye, où on constate malheureusement, une mauvaise interprétation des résolutions du Conseil de sécurité.
La Chine est fortement présente en Afrique, notamment par le biais de ses entreprises pétrolières. Quel impact ont, ou auront, les changements intervenus dans certains pays d’Afrique sur cette présence chinoise?
Tant qu’il y a de l’instabilité, il n’y aura pas de développement. Les effets sur la coopération régionale et internationale sont inévitables. En Libye, nous n’avons pas beaucoup d’investissements. Nous avons près de 50 projets dans les domaines du chemin de fer, des routes, du logement, etc. On accuse la Chine de viser le pétrole libyen, alors que nous n’investissons pas dans les énergies dans ce pays. La Chine importe chaque année 7 millions de tonnes du pétrole libyen, soit près de 3% de l’importation chinoise. Les investissements chinois en Libye sont de l’ordre de 18 milliards de dollars. Certains projets ont été achevés, d’autres ne le sont pas, puisque nos ressortissants ont quitté le pays. Dernièrement, le gouvernement chinois a reconnu le CNT comme représentant du peuple libyen, nous souhaitons que les nouvelles autorités libyennes respectent les accords internationaux et bilatéraux signés par la Libye.