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L’Algérie perd 10 milliards de dollars ! - Algerie360
Cet argent aurait pu servir à la recherche scientifique, au financement des microentreprises créées par les jeunes chômeurs, ou même à la construction des écoles afin d’endiguer la surcharge des classes
Gérer les grands projets n’est pas le maillon fort de l’Exécutif. Certaines réévaluations découlant de l’insuffisante maturation des études coûtent très cher aux caisses de l’Etat. Les chiffres officiels font très peur. Les erreurs ont dépassé le seuil du tolérable. Au titre de l’année 2010 seulement, le programme en cours a enregistré une réévaluation de 815 milliards de DA, soit près de 9 milliards de dollars.
C’est à trois milliards près le budget de l’autoroute Est-Ouest. En une seule année, l’Algérie perd beaucoup d’argent au moment où le monde entier prône l’austérité, se serre la ceinture et rétrécit les budgets de fonctionnement pour faire face aux répliques de la crise financière. Une question s’impose alors: mais comment fait-on pour en arriver à cette situation?
Les 9 milliards auraient pu servir à la recherche scientifique, au financement des microentreprises créées par les jeunes chômeurs, ou encore à la construction des écoles afin d’endiguer la surcharge des classes. En Algérie, cet argent est jeté par la fenêtre. Ce gaspillage institutionnalisé a nécessité l’intervention du président de la République.
Des slogans sont lancés dès lors par le ministre des Finances ou encore le Premier ministre pour faire cesser cette hémorragie financière. Une batterie de mesures furent prises. La plus paradoxale prévoit que toute «réévaluation d’autorisation de programmes qui s’avérerait indispensable devra être précédée par la suppression d’un montant équivalent, d’un projet de la nomenclature du secteur concerné».
Les experts évoquent une fuite en avant: on sacrifie un projet au lieu d’insister sur la maturation des études. Le bilan du gouvernement qui sera présenté jeudi à l’APN, même s’il se veut positif et optimiste sur les perspectives de l’économie nationale, annonce, toutefois, des signes qui font craindre le pire sur les équilibres financiers du pays. L’on apprendra aussi que le niveau des améliorations des revenus des fonctionnaires, notamment la charge induite par le nouveau régime indemnitaire (avec ses rappels), a exigé la mobilisation de 1000 milliards de DA, soit la quasi- totalité des revenus du Trésor hors hydrocarbures. Une autre question mérite d’être posée: et si le prix du baril de pétrole chutait à 10 dollars? Les experts écartent cette possibilité, mais serait-il judicieux de planifier des augmentations sur la base d’un revenu instable qui dépend de surcroît du marché international?
Ouyahia défend les orientations du gouvernement
Malgré l’impact de la crise financière, la croissance aura été, selon le bilan du gouvernement, au rendez-vous en 2009. Avec une hausse globale du PIB de 2,4%. La croissance du PIB a connu l’effet réducteur de l’inflation qui enregistre une remontée, avec 5,7% en 2009. Cela est le résultat «d’une forte injection monétaire découlant de la dynamique d’investissement et de la hausse des salaires».
Le document détaille la croissance enregistré pour chaque secteur. Avec une priorité bien évidement au secteur des hydrocarbures, qui dépend du marché international. La reprise de la croissance dans ce secteur projetée pour 2010 «pourrait être différéee à l’année 2011 avec la baisse récente des enlèvements de gaz par les clients de l’Algérie en Europe», précise le rapport. Bon résultat par contre pour l’agriculture avec une croissance évaluée à 20% en 2009.
Le secteur du bâtiment maintient sa croissance substantielle, avec une hausse de 8,7%. La redynamisation de l’industrie relevée en 2008 s’est poursuivie en 2009 avec une progression de 5% de la valeur ajoutée. Au chapitre du pouvoir d’achat, Ouyahia n’omettra pas de souligner que les 18 derniers mois ont connu une augmentation substantielle des rémunérations de l’ensemble des salariés, des pensions et même des bourses. En premier lieu, il y a le relèvement du Snmg de 25%. Par ailleurs, les fonctionnaires perçoivent, pour certains, leurs nouveaux salaires découlant du statut général de la Fonction publique, alors que pour d’autres c’est le nouveau régime indemnitaire qui leur a déjà été servi. Près de 40 statuts particuliers et 2 régimes indemnitaires ont été promulgués.
Parmi les autres mesures défendues, il y a la revalorisation des pensions et allocations de retraites. En outre, plus d’un million de titulaires de faibles pensions directes et pensions principales de réversion, ont bénéficié, pour la deuxième fois, de relèvement substantiel financé par le budget de l’Etat.
Au total, les transferts sociaux de l’Etat ont fortement évolué durant la dernière décennie, passant de 245 milliards de DA en 1999, à 460 milliards en 2005. Enfin, le bilan de Ouyahia parle de création de 1,5 million d’emplois en 2009 (400.000 permanents), cela a réduit le taux de chômage à 10,2% en 2009.
La paix sociale et les surenchères politiciennes
Les travailleurs qui ont payé un très lourd tribut à la crise économique et à l’ajustement, savent, précise Ouyahia dans son rapport, qu’«il est de leur propre intérêt de tenir l’exercice du droit syndical loin de toute manipulation politicienne», et éviter aussi que leurs revendications sociales n’aboutissent à la mise en faillite de leurs propres entreprises.
Le gouvernement reconnaît que la réussite du saut économique qualitatif nécessaire pendant ce quinquennat, a fortement besoin d’un climat de sérénité, qui libère les énergies au travail, met en confiance l’investisseur national et étranger, «en un mot, d’une stabilité sociale et de progrès dans la productivité et dans la compétitivité économiques».
Les ressources budgétaires qui seront investies en commandes publiques ne pourront être renouvelées sans cesse: «Il importe donc que le développement économique se prépare d’ores et déjà à vivre et à prospérer par le seul fait du marché.»
Repères
Les médias
La presse écrite qui est l’une des plus dynamiques du monde arabo-africain, totalise plus de 300 titres dont 70 quotidiens, bénéficiant d’un réseau de 24 imprimeries (12 pour les journaux et 12 pour les magazines) dont une nouvelle imprimerie publique à Ouargla, en attendant l’ouverture de celle de Béchar.
Les pouvoirs publics projettent aussi d’encourager la mise sur pied d’un véritable réseau de distribution de la presse écrite.
S’agissant de la publicité, et à l’inverse d’une opinion répandue, les annonceurs privés tiennent une place majeure.
La publicité est loin d’être un monopole public ni l’objet de répartition discriminatoire.
Ainsi, sur un chiffre d’affaires global de 123 milliards de DA de publicité en 2009, seuls 2 milliards DA ont été régis par l’Agence publique (ANEP) et près de 5 milliards DA de dépenses publicitaires sont le fait d’opérateurs privés.
Le transport urbain
Pour le métro: Le réseau initial d’Alger est achevé et sera mis en circulation durant l’année 2011, alors que son extension a été entamée. L’étude du métro d’Oran est, quant à elle, en voie de lancement.
Le tramway
La première ligne d’Alger sera réceptionnée l’année prochaine, alors que les chantiers des lignes d’Oran et de Constantine sont en cours. Les études des tramways de 6 autres villes ont déjà été contractées.
L’habitat
L’année 2010 s’achèvera avec le lancement de 200.000 nouveaux logements et la réception de 200.000 unités. L’année 2009 a enregistré la livraison de 218.000 logements et la mise en chantier de 270.000 autres.
Achira MAMMERI