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La dictée publique, une vitrine pédagogique de la francophonie : Rétrospective des dictées organisées à la cité des Zianides - Algerie360
Écrit par El Halloui Tlemçani
«L’orthographe est la politesse de la langue», disait Jean Guéhenno alors que Théophile Gautier assurait qu’il «mettrait l’orthographe même sous la main du bourreau». Dans cette optique, des dictées publiques furent initiées par des centres culturels, des associations pédagogiques, des départements académiques pour mettre en valeur et pérenniser la langue française, ce «butin de guerre» (dixit Kateb Yacine). Flash back des dictées à la cité des Zianides.
A Tlemcen, l’Association des enseignants de français (AEF) initia sa première «dictée de décembre», en 2004, au lycée Ibn-Tofaïl avec la collaboration de la fondation Mohamed-Dib et la bibliothèque Cinal, sous la houlette de Djawed Sari Bey. Le texte proposé, intitulé «De l’utilité de la brosse à dents», était puisé d’une page du «Quotidien d’Oran» et dicté par Mme Benmansour Sabéha, professeur à l’université Abou-Bekr-Belkaïd, par ailleurs présidente de l’association La Grande Maison.
En 2006, l’AEF organisa sa dictée de décembre à la Maison de la culture avec le concours de cette dernière et le CCF de Tlemcen. C’est à l’illustre acteur Ali Kouiret que revint l’honneur et le soin de dicter avec plein de trac, faut-il le souligner, le texte adapté du Grévisse «La force de l’orthographe» (Editions Duculot/1982) aux 90 candidats. Un exercice parsemé d’embûches morphologiques et truffé de chausse-trape : acacias, groseilliers, soi-disant, terre-pleins… Le premier prix était revenu à un Français, en l’occurrence le père Gérard du presbytère de Ghazaouet, le deuxième à un étudiant universitaire et le troisième à l’auteur de ces lignes. En 2007, la dictée de décembre, illustrée d’un texte de Voltaire intitulé «Prière à Dieu» (Traité sur la tolérance à l’occasion de la mort de Jean Calas/1763) eut lieu à Ghazaouet et plus exactement au CEM Mohamed-Ziani à l’invitation de l’association «Les amis du livre» de la ville de Ad Fatrès. Le premier prix est revenu à Mme Benrahou Rachida, alors adjointe au maire et institutrice en retraite (une faute), le deuxième au Dr Hmida Seddik, médecin spécialiste en hématologie (2 fautes) et enfin le troisième à Mme Guedouar, la doyenne des institutrices. Cette dictée fut celle de l’ultime édition qui disparut en 2008. Le département de langue française et la médiathèque de l’Institut français de Tlemcen avaient organisé, en juillet 2016, la 2e édition de la dictée des grandes vacances 2016. Pour sa part, le Centre d’enseignement intensif des langues (CEIL) a organisé en mai 2016 la dictée pour tous dans sa 4e édition.
L’épreuve s’est déroulée à l’auditorium des langues étrangères (nouveau pôle de la Rocade) et a vu la participation d’étudiants et d’enseignants de différentes facultés, d’étudiants zambiens, invités d’honneur. Ces derniers ont préparé pour la circonstance un riche programme culturel à travers le chant, le théâtre et la danse traditionnelle. Cet évènement a été rehaussé par la présence du recteur, du vice-recteur des relations extérieures et du vice-doyen de la faculté des lettres et des langues étrangères. Les 3 lauréats de cette édition sponsorisée par sarl Sinal (Oran) ont été honorés à cette occasion. Il s’agit de Redouane Bedjaoui (1er Prix), doctorant en littérature française, Samira Megunounif, mastérante en traduction (2e Prix) et Asma Kissi, mastère français (3e Prix).
En juillet 2016, le siège de l’IFT avait abrité la dictée des grandes vacances 2016 initiée par le département de langue française et la médiathèque de l’ex-CCF de Tlemcen. L’événement était animé par Abdelhamid Bentabet, responsable pédagogique auprès de l’IFT, ex-président de l’Association des enseignants de français de Tlemcen (AEFT), qui était pour la circonstance assisté de son épouse Salima Bentabet, retraitée de l’éducation (ancienne professeure de français dans le secondaire). Cette dernière était chargée de lire la dictée. Il faut signaler que cette dictée a vu la participation de 19 candidats dont 12 femmes, parmi eux des professeurs d’université, des ingénieurs, des retraités de l’enseignement, des médecins, des artistes… Quant à la dictée proprement dite, il s’agit d’un texte de 364 mots, hyper riche en ponctuation, intitulé «Prière à Dieu» de Voltaire, extrait du Traité sur la tolérance suite à la mort de Jean Calas (1763), chapitre XXIII (puisé par M. Bentabet du livre de Grevisse «La force de l’orthographe). Il est noté que cette prière, apparemment adressée à Dieu est, en réalité, un appel aux hommes, un appel à la tolérance et à la fraternité. D’ailleurs, l’animateur a tenu à lire un passage, un véritable morceau d’anthologie littéraire : «Si les fléaux de la guerre sont inévitables, ne nous haïssons pas les uns les autres dans le sein de la paix…Tu ne nous as point donné un cœur pour nous haïr et des mains pour nous égorger…». Un message prémonitoire à la faveur de cette dictée à forte charge symbolique et éthique qui est «intervenue» au lendemain du massacre de Nice et à la veille du meurtre de Rouen. A l’issue de la correction, il a été enregistré 3 ex aequo avec 2 fautes. A noter que la majuscule ou la minuscule par rapport aux pronoms personnels relatifs à Dieu n’ont pas été sanctionnées. Afin de départager les 3 candidats, il leur a été proposé une dictée subsidiaire sous forme de QCM comportant 15 mots avec chacun trois orthographes différentes, à titre d’exemple, les passedroits, les passes-droits, les passe-droits ; une alexithymie, une alhexitymie, une alexithimie. Ce dernier exercice de langue chronométré s’est soldé par les scores de 13 points pour Oussama Fardeheb (professeur de biotechnologie dans un lycée) classé 1er ; 12 points à Manel Tlemçani (pseudo utilisé pour la circonstance par l’auteur de ces lignes) classé 2e et 10 points pour Yaghmoracen Benziane (informaticien) classé 3e. En mars 2005, nous avions eu le privilège de participer en tant qu’enseignant au sein de l’Enset d’Es-Senia, à la demi-finale de la 12e édition de la Dictée des Amériques (DDA) organisée par l’AEFLE (association des PES de LF) d’Oran.
Avant de prendre part en 2008 à la 15e édition de la DDA sous l’égide de l’ambassade du Canada avec la collaboration du Département de français de l’Institut des langues étrangères de l’université de Bouzaréah, où l’auteur de ces lignes s’est classé 5e et son fils Ahmed, docteur en informatique, a décroché la deuxième place. Par ailleurs, nous ne manquerons pas de signaler la parution d’un ouvrage didactique «Pédagogie du rattrapage/Surmonter les difficultés en français : stratégies et activités» aux éditions Dar El Gharb (2007) de son auteur Ramdane Ghellaï (ex-PEF de français à Tlemcen, aujourd’hui à la retraite) dont un chapitre est consacré au «rôle pédagogique de la dictée».
Pour notre part, nous nous souvenons, comme si cela datait d’hier, de la dictée qui nous fut proposée à l’examen de 6e que nous avions passé en 1963 au lycée Dr Benzerdjeb. Titre : Le Djurdjura, de Mouloud Feraoun, l’examinateur Cheïkh Sid Ahmed El Hassar, instituteur à l’école Henri-Hadès (aujourd’hui Ibn M’Saïb) d’El Hartoun, à qui nous rendons hommage au passage, nous dicta sur un ton magistral le texte.