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Des terres agricoles empoisonnées par une société saoudienne à Fornaka - Algerie360
C’était au mois de mars dernier. Une information relative à une « pollution » dans la zone d’activités de Fornaka avait fait alors presque le tour du monde. A l’origine de cette information, un fellah, riverain de la zone, accusant l’entreprise privée Adwan Chemicals d’avoir, par « ses eaux usées industrielles », ravagé ses champs et détruit ses récoltes. Aujourd’hui, soit presque trois mois après, partout où Réflexion s’est rendu, il n’existe pas un rapport d’expertise ayant conclu explicitement à une pollution dans cette zone d’activités, désigné nommément un pollueur, et donné lieu à des mesures de correction, et à des sanctions et des réparations. Que s’est-il passé au juste, et où en est-on à propos de cette « pollution »? Voici, une tentative de réponse… Tout a commencé, en effet, quand les eaux usées provenant de la zone d’activités avaient inondé les terres agricoles d’un fellah mitoyen de cette zone. Une inondation aggravée alors par les eaux pluviales, comme il nous a été expliqué lors de notre récente visite des lieux. Conséquence immédiate de cette inondation : pertes de récoltes et des parcelles de terre brûlées, où plus rien ne peut désormais y être planté, selon les déclarations du fellah « sinistré », de son vrai nom, BENJEMAA M’hamed. Pour ce dernier, c’est l’entreprise privée Adwan Chemicals qui est à l’origine de son malheur. Mais, détail important, à part une photo, notre interlocuteur ne dispose pas d’un dossier dûment documenté en ce qui concerne ses pertes et les eaux usées qu’il incrimine. Pour faire valoir « ses droits » à une indemnisation pour les pertes qu’il dit avoir subies, le fellah a remué ciel et terre. Il a saisi par écrit le wali, la Direction de l’Environnement, la Direction des Services agricoles, le ministère de la l’agriculture. Il a même écrit au Président de la République, selon la copie qu’il nous a remise. Il a également saisi certains journaux pour se faire entendre. Ainsi, entre le 11 mars 2012 et le 20 mars 2012, pas moins de 2 articles de presse ont rapporté son cas. Le fellah dit, cependant, qu’à ce jour, il n’a reçu qu’une seule et unique réponse, et de surcroît, sur son téléphone portable. Précisément, un appel téléphonique émanant du ministre de l’agriculture en personne, lequel lui aurait promis de se pencher sur son problème. Ce fellah nous confie enfin qu’il va continuer encore à attendre une réponse, avant de s’en remettre au Ciel, définitivement et en dernier recours, au cas où l’oreille sourde finit, par malheur, par avoir le dernier mot…
La riposte de l’entreprise privée Adwan Chemicals Se voyant étalée dans la presse dans le cadre d’une affaire de « pollution », et citée nommément en tant qu’accusé principal dans les requêtes du fellah, l’entreprise privée Adwan Chemicals a pris ses devants et a commencé à réagir. De prime abord, son responsable HSE (santé, sécurité et environnement) fait un constat sur le terrain, rédige un rapport détaillé et le remet à sa hiérarchie. Ce rapport, dont nous détenons une copie, parle de canaux obstrués, de bassin de décantation complètement sous les eaux car jamais entretenu. Photos à l’appui, le même rapport attribue le retour des eaux usées vers l’unité de Adwan, aux sacs remplis de terre ayant été volontairement mis dans les regards pour obstruer le réseau. A ce propos, le responsable HSE de Adwan Chemicals nous parle de 2 hypothèses. Selon lui, soit les auteurs l’ont fait exprès pour provoquer intentionnellement des inondations sur leurs propres champs avec pour finalité de soutirer de l’argent à son employeur. Soit ils ont agi ainsi pour « remédier » au débordement du bassin de décantation situé au bout du réseau d’assainissement de la zone, du fait qu’il déversait son surplus dans les champs avoisinants. Accompagné d’une lettre, le rapport de Adwan est diffusé, le 15 mars 2012, aux destinataires suivants : l’APC de Fornaka (principal destinataire), la wilaya, la Daïra de Ain Nouissy, la Direction des Industries et des Mines, la Direction des PME/PMI, et la Direction de l’Environnement. Dans sa lettre d’accompagnement, la Direction de Adwan Chemicals évoque « la dégradation avancée du réseau de drainage de la zone de Fornaka » et juge «l’état de ce réseau inadapté par rapport à la grandeur de la zone industrielle de subvenir à tous les rejets qui sont en augmentation graduelle ». Et elle préconise « de convoquer la commission de suivi de la zone industrielle pour trouver une solution… ». Ne voyant aucune réponse lui parvenir, elle adresse, 15 jours plus tard, un rappel aux mêmes destinataires. Le jour de notre passage, soit presque 2 mois après ce rappel, la Direction de Adwan Chemicals était toujours sur sa faim…Signalons enfin que cette même Direction ne nous a montré aucune correspondance antérieure à la date du 15 mars 2012, ayant pour objet une quelconque plainte relative au réseau d’assainissement de la zone.
L’affaire dévoile une zone d’activités sans un gestionnaire connu…. La zone d’activités industrielles de Fornaka donne aujourd’hui l’image d’un no man’s land. Pour illustrer l’état des lieux, en allant chez le fellah « sinistré » et chez Adwan Chemicals ensuite, nous avons pénétré la zone en question par derrière, par un simple chemin de terre. C’est pour dire clairement et simplement que cette zone n’est pas totalement clôturée, n’est pas gardée non plus et n’est pas soumise à un accès contrôlé et réglementé. En tout cas, personne n’est venu perturber notre « promenade » des heures durant à l’intérieur de cette zone. La preuve en somme qu’il n’existe rien sur place qui témoigne de l’existence d’un gestionnaire de cette zone. Même dans les lettres du fellah, comme dans celles de Adwan Chemicals rien ne mentionne en effet, une éventuelle entreprise de gestion de cette zone. Enfin, toutes les personnes interrogées dans la dite zone disent à l’unanimité, que la désignation d’un gestionnaire est aujourd’hui une priorité sur laquelle l’on devrait se pencher. Selon nos mêmes interlocuteurs, il y va de la prise en charge, de la surveillance et de l’entretien des installations communes, dont particulièrement le réseau des eaux usées. Ils soutiennent que la présence d’un interlocuteur officiel en charge de la zone aurait évité par exemple le flou qui a réduit le débordement des eaux usées de la zone sur les terres mitoyennes à une affaire exclusivement entre un fellah et une unité industrielle. Laquelle unité a le « malheur », nous explique t on, de se retrouver à une faible altitude par rapport aux autres opérateurs de la zone et d’être mitoyenne du fellah en question, et en bout de chaîne vis-à-vis du réseau d’assainissement de la zone, déclaré en manque d’entretien et non surveillé.
L’APC de Fornaka, motus et bouche cousue… La zone étant dans la commune de Fornaka, il allait ainsi de soi de penser à un déplacement à l’APC en vue d’en savoir davantage. Mais en vain. Bien qu’étant le principal destinataire des deux lettres envoyées par Adwan Chemicals, et surtout qu’il soit question d’un cas de « pollution » signalé sur son territoire et par-dessus tout, ayant fait un « sinistré » parmi sa population, l’APC de Fornaka ne souhaite pas communiquer sur le sujet. En effet, ni le P/APC, ni son secrétaire n’ont accepté d’éclairer nos lanternes. Seul un élu « téméraire » a bien voulu nous aider, mais hélas, celui-ci n’est même pas au courant de ces lettres, et encore moins de la « pollution» dont il est question. Pourtant,«l’environnement est devenu aujourd’hui une préoccupation citoyenne et une priorité de toutes les institutions de l’Etat et des collectivités locales », est-il nettement écrit sur une feuille d’un cours sur l’environnement, dispensé aux Présidents d’Assemblées ¨Populaires dans le cadre de leur formation et mise à niveau…
La Direction de l’Environnement prend l’affaire en main Le 18 mars 2012, et en réaction à la lettre de Adwan Chemicals du 15 mars 2012, la Direction de l’Environnement prend l’affaire en main et dépêche son inspecteur principal sur le terrain. Précisons au passage que le fellah « sinistré » n’a saisi cette même Direction que le 04 avril 2012 selon la copie du reçu postal en notre possession. L’inspecteur dépêché revient donc en fin de visite des lieux avec un PV où il conclut que « le bassin de décantation recevant les eaux usées industrielles est sous dimensionné et ne peut recueillir toutes les eaux pluviales et industrielles. Ces dernières vu le débordement du bassin prennent un chemin préférentiel et se déversent sur les terrains agricoles avoisinants pouvant les affecter ». Il estime aussi que « la réalisation d’un système d’épuration des effluents liquides adéquats de la zone d’activité s’avère nécessaire dans le but de mettre un terme à cette pollution » . Le PV a été adressé ensuite aux destinataires suivants : le wali, la Direction des PME/PMI et la Daïra de Ain Nouissy. Il est à remarquer que dans son PV, l’inspecteur avance explicitement le mot « pollution » mais sans désigner un ou des « pollueurs » et sans aller plus loin et étayer son assertion par une expertise. Les choses en sont restées là donc. Et c’est, pour le moins, un comble pour une institution publique chargée à faire respecter et appliquer la réglementation du pays en matière d’environnement. On n’y comprend rien encore quand on apprend l’existence d’une commission de wilaya chargée de la surveillance et du contrôle des installations classées … Mais les apparences sont souvent trompeuses. En effet, à la Direction de l’Environnement, on travaille d’arrache-pied sur ce sujet de « pollution » mais sans trop faire de bruit. Le Directeur nous apprend d’abord que rien n’est laissé au hasard en matière d’environnement et de santé et sécurité de la population. Ainsi, nous dit-il, dès la phase projet, l’industriel doit montrer « patte blanche » en présentant une étude d’impact sur l’environnement et une étude de dangers faite par un organisme habilité. C’est la condition sine qua non pour s’installer et exploiter. Au sujet de la « pollution » signalée à la zone de Fornaka, la Direction est à pied d’œuvre pour démêler cet écheveau. Ainsi, il sera procédé dans les jours à venir à l’analyse des eaux usées à différents niveaux. C’est-à-dire, aussi bien, au niveau des unités industrielles qu’au niveau du réseau principal. Et à l’issue de cette expertise, tout le monde sera fixé enfin sur ce cas de « pollution » qui n’a que trop duré. Aussi bien qui de droit, que l’entreprise Adwan Chemicals et le fellah « sinistré ».
La Direction de l’Industrie, de la PME et de la Promotion de l’Investissement met les bouchées doubles pour réhabiliter les zones d’activités de la wilaya Dans une récente entrevue avec Réflexion, le Directeur de l’Industrie, de la PME et de la Promotion de l’Investissement reconnaît que les installations communes de la zone d’activités de Fornaka laissent effectivement à désirer. Mais il dit être constamment à l’écoute de tous les opérateurs installés dans la zone en ce qui concerne leurs préoccupations. Des préoccupations qui seront dans un avenir proche, promet-il, un lointain mauvais souvenir. En effet, selon toujours notre interlocuteur, la wilaya de Mostaganem a bénéficié d’une enveloppe conséquente dans le cadre du programme de viabilisation/Réhabilitation des zones d’activités, entré en vigueur depuis février 2011. Et c’est dans la logique de cet ambitieux et salutaire programme, que cette Direction a lancé, depuis peu, au profit de la zone d’activités de Fornaka, un avis d’appel d’Offres destiné aux bureaux d’études et portant sur le réseau AEP, l’assainissement et le drainage des eaux pluviales, la voierie, l’électricité et l’éclairage public, le gaz de ville, et enfin le réseau téléphonique.