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Commerce,Quand l’huile met le feu - Algerie360
Le Conseil de la concurrence sera bientôt relancé, a affir mé jeudi à Alger le ministre du Commerce, Mustapha Benbada, reconnaissant l’existence de problèmes à caractère administratif ayant retardé son installation
Par la même occasion, il est revenu sur la dernière flambée des prix. Répondant à une question orale d’une députée, le ministre est revenu sur la dernière crise de la flambée des prix de denrées de base, notamment le sucre et l’huile. M. Mustapha Benbada a écarté l’existence de toute situation de monopole sur le marché algérien.
Il faisait ainsi allusion à M. Issad Rebrab, patron du groupe Cevital, premier producteur d’huile et de sucre (et exportateur dans 28 pays) en Algérie. «Il n’y a aucune situation de monopole mais juste une situation de dominance qui n’est pas interdite par la loi», a-t-il répondu par ailleurs à un journaliste qui évoquait le monopole d’un opérateur privé (Issad Rebrab, ndlr) qui détient, en fait, une position dominante sur les marchés du sucre et de l’huile. » Lorsqu’un opérateur dépasse 45% de parts de marché, on parle d’une position dominante. La loi interdit par contre l’abus dans l’utilisation d’une telle situation», a estimé le ministre.
On ne peut s’empêcher de constater que les services du ministère du Commerce avaient, à moment donné, reproché à Cevital de proposer des prix de gros «trop bas», bien qu’ils laissaient leurs marges aux distributeurs et aux revendeurs au détail jusqu’à atteindre le prix plafond fixé par le conseil interministériel qui avait siégé sur la question au moment de la crise.
Observateurs avertis et simples lettrés ont été intrigués par cette «affaire». Un peu moins à présent que le ministre du Commerce décharge l’industriel Rebrab de «l’accusation» d’être en situation de monopole.
DÉGELER LE CONSEIL DE LA CONCURRENCE
Un autre volet de cette affaire n’est pas encore éclairci. Personne n’ose vraiment en parler, c’est celui des importateurs, faute d’informations sur les quantités importées et sur les entreprises – invisibles aux yeux de la masse des consommateurs – qui s’en chargent. C’est le tabou des tabous.
Le patron du groupe Cevital – lui-même importateur – secoue un peu ce cocotier. Il a publié un bandeau publicitaire inédit où il invite les importateurs de sucre blanc à venir s’approvisionner auprès de son entreprise en sucre «raffiné de qualité supérieure aux normes internationales à des prix imbattables par rapport aux marchés internationaux».
Il leur propose un prix de 69,50 dinars le kg ! On imagine que Cevital ne réalise pas une telle opération à perte. S’il n’y a pas eu un rush de ces importateurs, qui seraient quatre ou cinq, c’est que l’opération d’importation, en elle-même, comporte des intérêts divers et multiples beaucoup plus consistants qui échappent à la logique commerciale pure.
En tous cas, l’offre de vente de Cevital ne semble intéresser personne, y compris au plan symbolique au niveau des personnalités politiques promptes à exécuter la partition du patriotisme et du néopatriotisme économique. En situation normale, cette affaire aurait pu se traiter sur le terrain de l’arbitrage légal.
«S’il y a lieu de constater un abus, ça doit être fait par les concurrents eux-mêmes qui doivent protester auprès du Conseil de la concurrence, un organisme malheureusement gelé actuellement », a indiqué, jeudi, Mustapha Benbada. A la décharge de l’actuel ministre du Commerce, ce Conseil est gelé depuis sa création en 2003. Il a été relancé par la nouvelle loi sur la concurrence adoptée en 2008, mais n’a pas été installé depuis.
Mustapha Benbada s’est engagé à travailler pour «débloquer la situation pour arriver enfin à élaborer les textes d’application d’un Conseil de la concurrence opérationnel ». Reste à savoir, si en haut lieu on estime qu’il y a le feu et qu’il faut mettre ce Conseil au travail pour instaurer de l’ordre sur un terrain où des sommes colossales sont en jeu ainsi que des dizaines de milliers d’emplois.
2011, ANNÉE DE LA TRANSPARENCE COMMERCIALE
Le ministre du Commerce a promis, devant les députés, que l’année 2011 sera celle de la régulation du marché, de la fixation ou du plafonnement des prix des produits de base et de l’instauration de la transparence commerciale. Quant à la vente des marchandises sur les trottoirs, devenue un décor habituel des rues du pays, le ministre a souligné que la commission mixte Commerce-Intérieur, «travaille depuis le mois de novembre pour remédier à cette situation».
Les commerçants, eux, soulignent que le ministère des Finances et notamment les Douanes et les ports d’Algérie seraient également concernés par ce dossier parce que ces marchandises écoulées à la sauvette viennent par bateaux et containers ou par route de Tunisie, échappant en général aux contrôles et donc aux taxes diverses.
A propos du fléau de la contrefaçon, évoqué également par la députée auteur de la question orale, le ministre a souligné que la protection des marques «est d’abord la responsabilité de leurs propriétaires eux-mêmes qui doivent signaler toute contrefaçon à l’Institut national de la propriété industrielle (INAPI)».
A ce sujet, il faut noter que de grandes marques présentes en Algérie ont passé des accords avec les Douanes algériennes pour veiller à la protection de leurs droits. Le ministre du Commerce a appelé les citoyens à «assumer leur part de responsabilité» dans la lutte contre ce phénomène, car, dit-il, «la plupart des consommateurs connaissent bien les produits contrefaits mais continuent à les acheter».
Il a, d’autre part, appelé les associations de protection des consommateurs à jouer un rôle «plus actif» sur le terrain. En marge de cette séance parlementaire, le ministre Mustapha Benbada a proposé, dans une déclaration à la presse, d’ouvrir «un débat national sur la subvention des prix».