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Assemblée constituante , L'initiative qui divise la classe politique algérienne - Algerie360
L’initiative de l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante, émanant de deux formations politiques, le FFS et le PT, ne suscite pas l’unanimité au sein de la classe politique algérienne.
Des partis, tels que le RND, le FLN et le FNA, s’opposent catégoriquement à cette idée, estimant qu’il est «inadmissible d’effacer le passé de l’Algérie indépendante et de remettre en cause les institutions légitimées par les élections précédentes». Les personnes favorables à un changement par le recours à une nouvelle refondation de la République mettent en avant cette nécessité de changement du système politique dans le cadre d’une «Assemblée constituante afin de répondre à toutes les aspirations de la société civile».
En effet, le thème de l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante pour mener le changement politique tant souhaité par les acteurs de la vie politique, a fait couler beaucoup d’encre ces derniers jours. Les avis émanant des responsables de formations politiques algériennes sont divergents et opposés, démontrant qu’un tel projet apparaît délicat et déterminant.
Les porte-paroles et responsables de partis politiques sollicités par notre journal à ce sujet nous livrent ici une analyse plutôt contradictoire quant à cette question d’élection d’une Assemblée constituante pour asseoir un changement politique pacifique. Nos questions étaient basées sur l’importante d’une telle perspective et son apport au peuple algérien. Pourquoi une Assemblée constituante ? Que renferme-t-elle réellement comme changements et amendements ?
Quel intérêt de défendre cette idée et pour quelle finalité ? Ce sont là autant de questions sur lesquelles les personnalités sollicitées ont tenu à répondre sans détour et avec une forte argumentation. Le porte-parole du Mouvement de la société pour la paix (MSP), Mohamed Djoumaâ, affirme que son parti est contre cette proposition de changement politique par l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante. «Pour nous, l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante signifie clairement la remise en cause du fondement de la République algérienne démocratique et populaire.
Nous respectons les personnes qui ont défendu cette proposition, mais nous leur rappelons que l’Etat algérien n’est pas né en 2011. Alors pourquoi ont-ils participé aux élections précédentes et qui a délivré les agréments. Il ne faut pas remettre en cause l’existence de l’Etat et des quatre constitutions adoptées depuis notre premier président Ahmed Ben Bella, juste pour revendiquer une Assemblée constituante. C’est inconcevable et cette idée doit être rejetée»,
a tenu à souligner M. Djoumaâ, tout en ajoutant que «le MSP plaide pour des améliorations et des amendements constitutionnels visant à enrichir la l’actuelle Loi fondamentale et à consacrer la démocratie au sens large du terme». Les principes de l’islam, de l’unité territoriale, de diversité des langues (arabe et tamazight) et des assemblées élues par le peuple sont «sacrés», selon le représentant du MSP, qui a rappelé à ce propos que «le peuple algérien s’est sacrifié pour la concrétisation de ces principes».
«En dehors de ces principes, que va apporter pour nos l’Assemblée constituante ?», a tenu à expliquer le responsable du MSP. Le Rassemblement national démocratique (RND) s’oppose, de son côté, à cette idée d’élection d’une Assemblée constituante. «Nous ne pouvons être que contre cette idée, car tout simplement elle remet en cause l’existence de l’Etat algérien.
Si l’on prend en compte les arguments avancés par les politiques qui ont défendu cette thèse, on doit tout effacer et recommencer à zéro. L’idée reste floue et les personnes qui ont fait la proposition doivent expliquer exactement comment ils conçoivent les fondements et les institutions de l’Etat algérien dans le cadre de cette Constituante.
Pour les spécialistes en politique, l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante est une démarche de constitution d’une deuxième République. C’est justement la démarche que nous refuserons catégoriquement, étant donné qu’elle a des visées politiques qui ne vont pas profiter au pays et au peuple algérien», a fait savoir le porte-parole du RND, Miloud Chourfi, ancien journaliste.
Islam, arabité et amazighité, le socle de la République
Le projet d’une Assemblée constituante n’intéresse pas également les deux partis d’opposition, le mouvement El Islah et le Front national algérien. Le président d’El Islah, Djamel Benabdesselam, qui a lancé avec le soutien d’autres formations et personnalités l’Alliance nationale pour le changement (ANC), rejette cette proposition du Front des forces socialistes et du Parti des travailleurs. «Nous sommes pour un changement du système politique.
Mais il n’est pas question de créer une deuxième République. L’Etat algérien existe depuis 1962 et nous avons été la Mecque des révolutions dans le monde. Ce n’est pas aujourd’hui qu’on va décider d’une autre destinée, sans quelle ne soit demandée par le peuple. Ce n’est pas aux partis politiques de la demander. Il faut qu’elle émane du peuple algérien.
Mais justement le peuple algérien a voté à quatre reprises la révision constitutionnelle. Les principes de liberté politique, d’expression, d’association et de syndicalisme sont consacrés par l’actuelle Constitution. Le problème est celui justement d’appliquer notre Constitution, tout en demandant son amélioration, à travers par exemple l’octroi du pouvoir aux élus du peuple et une consécration du système parlementaire.
Quant aux autres principes cardinaux de notre Constitution, à savoir l’islam religion de l’Etat, les langues nationales, qui sont l’arabe et tamazight, ainsi que le système républicain et populaire devront être défendus par tous les Algériens, car ils relevaient de leur histoire de lutte contre le colonialisme barbare qui a tout fait pour effacer l’identité et la personnalité des Algériens. Sur ce point, nous sommes conscients que le peuple n’acceptera jamais cette idée d’Assemblée constituante dans le cas où son objectif serait celui de remettre en cause les principes cités», a tenu à préciser le président d’El Islah.
Le Front de libération nationale (FLN), par la voix de son chargé de la communication, Kassa Aïssi, demeure persuadé, quant à lui, que le changement politique à travers «l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante n’est pas justifié, car l’Algérie dispose d’institutions publiques légitimes, à commencer par la plus haute autorité du pays. C’est inadmissible de revendiquer une telle réforme dans le contexte politique algérien. Il est de notre droit aussi de demander à titre d’exemple au Parti des travailleurs de changer de sigle, car on ne peut pas créer un parti pour représenter les travailleurs ou les jeunes».
Quel moyen pour fédérer les aspirations au changement politique ?
Le FFS et le PT demeurent de fervents défenseurs de l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante afin de réaliser le changement politique tant souligné et revendiqué par les différentes formations et partis politiques. La secrétaire générale du PT, Louisa Hanoune, a estimé à ce sujet que le projet en question est «le seul moyen pour répondre aux aspirations de changement exprimées par les Algériens».
«Il y a tellement de projets et d’initiatives politiques qu’il est impossible de les réaliser en dehors d’une élection d’une Assemblée constituante. Ce qui aboutira à la naissance d’une deuxième République», a souligné le député Ramdane Taâzibt. Le PT plaide pour l’idée de l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante «souveraine» et «disposant du pouvoir d’élaborer la constitution et de désigner un gouvernement provisoire».
Dans l’immédiat, le parti de Louisa Hanoune réclame la dissolution de l’actuelle Assemblée populaire nationale (APN), «illégitime», et l’organisation d’élections législatives anticipées. S’agissant du Front des forces socialistes (FFS), nos tentatives de faire réagir les cadres du parti n’ont pas abouti. Les responsables de cette formation nous demandent de reprendre le message du président Hocine Aït Ahmed adressé au peuple algérien et dans lequel il a expliqué l’idée d’une Assemblée constituante. Dans son message, le président du FFS a insisté sur l’idée d’une Assemblée constituante.
«C’est seulement au terme d’une remobilisation citoyenne et politique des Algériens que nous pourrons aborder l’ensemble du processus électoral devant aboutir à une refondation institutionnelle, qui remette les droits des citoyens, leur sécurité et leur développement ainsi que ceux du pays au cœur d’une constitution digne de ce nom, parce qu’enfin issue d’une Assemblée constituante librement élue par des Algériens libres», écrit-il, ajoutant que «ceux qui participeront à l’élaboration de ce processus seront les premiers Algériens véritablement libres».
Le FFS n’a pas encore présenté plus de détails sur le projet constitutionnel et les principes qu’il compte défendre dans le cadre de cette proposition. Les militants du parti sollicités à ce sujet ne veulent pas s’exprimer, sans donner les raisons. A la lumière de ces données et des avis exprimés par les uns et les autres, il apparaît clairement que l’idée du changement politique par le recours à une Assemblée constituante ne va pas unir les partis algériens, mais plutôt accentuer leur division, et peut-être la division des électeurs.
Par Farouk Belhabib