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Algérie - Vietnam: Perspectives des relations économiques et commerciales - Algerie360
Le 05 Avril, M. Pham Minh Chinh a été élu Premier ministre du gouvernement vietnamien lors de la 11e session de la 14e législature de l’Assemblée nationale.
Le Vietnam et l’Algérie ont établi leurs relations diplomatiques le 28/10/1962. En la même année, l’Ambassade du Vietnam a été inaugurée à Alger et deux ans après, l’Ambassade d’Algérie a été ouverte à Hanoi.
Les deux pays partagent une histoire commune de lutte contre le colonialisme conférant un caractère spécial à nos relations bilatérales qui ont connu un développement important illustré par l’échange de nombreuses visites de haut niveau et des activités de coopération dans différents secteurs.
Dans le domaine économique, ont été signés plusieurs accords, protocoles et mémorandums dont l’Accord commercial bilatéral, l’Accord de Promotion et de Protection de l’Investissement, l’Accord de Non double taxation, l’accord d’entraide judiciaire en matière commerciale et civile, de transport maritime, le Mémorandum de coopération entre les deux Chambres de Commerce et d’Industrie des deux pays, le Mémorandum de coopération à la promotion commerciale…, créant un cadre juridique aux activités des entreprises vietnamiennes et algériennes. En particulier, on observe une évolution positive de la coopération économique bilatérale au cours des dernières années.
Etat des lieux de la coopération vietnamo-algérienne
Si les échanges commerciaux entre nos deux pays étaient quasi nuls pendant les années 1960 et les seuls produits vietnamiens qu’on pouvait voir en Algérie à l’époque étaient des cahiers, des stylos, des crayons offerts par les enfants vietnamiens aux enfants algériens, aujourd’hui de nombreux produits vietnamiens sont bien connus en Algérie et des produits algériens sont aussi déjà présents sur le marché vietnamien.
La structure des produits exportés et importés entre les deux pays n’est pas caractérisée par une concurrence mais une complémentarité. Selon les données statistiques des Douanes vietnamiennes, les échanges commerciaux bilatéraux ont atteint 190 millions de USD en 2019. En 2020, Les exportations vietnamiennes vers l’Algérie n’ont atteint que 148 millions de USD, en baisse de 20% par rapport à l’an 2019 à cause des effets négatifs de la pandémie Covid-19. Les produits vietnamiens exportés comprennent le café, le riz, le poivre, les produits aquatiques, les produits en fer et en acier, les ordinateurs et les produits électroniques et pièces détachées, les machines et équipements,… Les importations vietnamiennes de l’Algérie sont les produits pharmaceutiques, les minerais, les déchets de papier, les produits en caoutchouc, les aliments pour animaux, le miroube…
Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses activités de promotion du commerce ont été organisées sous l’égide du Ministère vietnamien de l’Industrie et du Commerce et de l’Ambassade du Vietnam en Algérie. À titre d’exemple, en marge de la 10e réunion de la Commission mixte de Coopération Vietnamo-Algérienne tenue en janvier 2014 à Hanoi, un procès-verbal de coopération dans la promotion du commerce a été signé par le Département de Promotion du Commerce du Vietnam (VietTrade) et l’Agence nationale de Promotion du Commerce extérieur d’Algérie (Algex).
En juin 2015, dans le cadre de la visite en Algérie du Premier Ministre vietnamien Nguyen Tan Dung, a été tenu à Alger un forum d’affaires vietnamo-algérien regroupant une centaine d’entreprises algériennes et plus de 80 entreprises vietnamiennes.
Rien qu’en 2016, on compte 4 journées d’informations sur le marché vietnamien tenues par l’Ambassade du Vietnam en collaboration avec des Chambres de Commerce et d’Industrie de l’Algérie.
En marge de la 11 ème Commission Mixte de la Commission mixte de Coopération Algéro-Vietnamienne en 2017 à Alger, les deux pays ont organisé un forum d’affaires avec la participation de centaines d’entreprises.
De 2014 à 2019, des entreprises vietnamiennes ont régulièrement participé à la Foire internationale d’Alger et des opérateurs algériens ont pris part au salon international Vietnam Expo avec la location de stands.
Coopération à l’investissement
La coentreprise entre PetroVietnam Exploration Production Corporation (PVEP – 40%), la compagnie thaïlandaise PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP – 35%) et le Groupe Sonatrach (25%) est un symbole de la coopération réussite entre le Vietnam et l’Algérie. 12 ans après sa mise en œuvre (2003), ce projet pétrolier pour l’exploitation du gisement de Bir Seba a donné son premier baril en Août 2015. L’investissement total du projet s’est élevé à 1,260 milliard de dollars. Sa capacité de production actuelle est de 18.000 barils/jour.
Le gouvernement vietnamien accorde toujours son soutien à l’élargissement de la coopération entre Sonatrach et PetroVietnam dans la prospection et l’exploitation du pétrole et du gaz en Algérie, au Vietnam ou dans un pays tiers.
Coopération au travail
Les ouvriers vietnamiens sont bien appréciés en matière de qualification professionnelle et d’assiduité. Le nombre de travailleurs vietnamiens en mission contractuelle dans des projets de tiers pays sur le sol algérien s’est rapidement accru depuis 2014 pour atteindre environ 1000 personnes à l’heure actuelle. Les ouvriers vietnamiens travaillent pour la plupart dans des projets de construction japonais et chinois sur le sol algérien.
Coopération au tourisme
Lors de la visite en Algérie du Premier Ministre Nguyen Tan Dung en juin 2015, les deux parties ont signé le mémorandum de coopération dans le tourisme. Pourtant, l’échange de visiteurs vietnamiens et algériens reste limité par manque d’informations et à cause de la longue distance géographique. Dans le temps à venir, les deux pays devraient renforcer ce volet de coopération afin de valoriser les atouts de chaque côté au moyen de forums de sensibilisation et de tours organisés.
Perspectives de coopération économique bilatérale
Malgré des progrès réalisés, la coopération économique actuelle reste encore modeste par rapport aux potentialités des deux pays et ne répond pas encore à leurs attentes. Outre le marché prometteur, l’Algérie est encore le pays par excellence pour bâtir des plates-formes industrielles orientées vers l’Afrique. Les opérateurs vietnamiens sont appelés à saisir les opportunités industrielles, minières, touristiques, aquacoles, agricoles et technologiques en Algérie.
Sur le plan de la main-d’oeuvre, les deux parties souhaitentcoopérer dans l’envoi de ouvriers et techniciens vietnamiens en mission contractuelle sur le sol algérien.
Dans le domaine agricole, l’Algérie est prête à accorder aux entreprises vietnamiennes des terrains pour développer la coopération bilatérale dans la riziculture et l’élevage, à accueillir des experts et agriculteurs vietnamiens pour mettre en œuvre ce projet.
De sa part, le Vietnam appelle, à cet égard, les entreprises algériennes à investir au Vietnam, considéré comme une porte d’entrée aux marchés asiatiques notamment ceux des pays de l’Association des Nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est (ASEAN) de 650 millions de consommateurs.
À l’heure actuelle, l’évolution de nos économies offre de nouvelles opportunités pour un partenariat rénové. L’Algérie met en œuvre des réformes de développement économique en vue de diversifier son économie, notamment diversifier ses exportations, à savoir les produits agricoles, ainsi qu’attirer les investissements étrangers. Il est maintenant un bon moment pour intensifier et ouvrir de nouvelles pages des relations économiques et commerciales entre les deux pays.
Nos pays devraient poursuivre de plus grands efforts pour stimuler le courant de leurs échanges économiques et rendre ainsi l’Algérie et le Vietnam deux destinations intéressantes pour les hommes d’affaires de chaque côté.
Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, il faudrait que les deux parties perfectionnent le cadre juridique, accélèrent les activités de promotion du commerce, de l’investissement, appellent les entreprises des deux pays à participer plus activement aux événements économiques dans chaque pays respectif et diffusent les informations sur les cadres réglementaires du commerce, de l’investissement, des douanes et des finances et les opportunités d’affaires. Les Ministères, les Ambassades et les Chambres du Commerce et de l’Industrie des deux pays devraient continuer de jouer un rôle de premier rang en travaillant en étroite collaboration entre eux dans le cadre des accords signés qui les lient.
Forts des efforts communs des deux gouvernements et des communautés des entreprises, les liens économiques bilatéraux seront certainement portés à une nouvelle hauteur, correspondant aux belles relations politiques entre les deux pays.