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27 décembre 1957, assassinat de Abane Ramdane - Algerie360
Surnommé « l’architecte de la révolution », il a joué un rôle clé dans l’organisation de la lutte pour l’indépendance de l’Algérie. Abane Ramdane est né un 10 juin 1920.
« Un homme extraordinaire, pas bavard mais très actif. Il a mûrement réfléchi pour tisser sa toile et former son organisation. Il a pensé la Révolution algérienne pendant les cinq années qu’il avait passées en prison ». C’est ainsi que la veuve de Abane Ramdane parle de « l’architecte de la révolution ».
Abane Ramdane naissait le 10 juin 1920, Azouza dans la commune de Larbaâ Nath Irathen, appelée à l’époque Fort National (Tizi-Ouzou), dans une famille relativement modeste. A l’école, c’est un élève sérieux et travailleur. Il a une grande préférence pour les matières scientifiques. En juin 1933, il obtient le Certificat d’études primaires, à titre indigène. Dans son carnet de note, l’un de ses maîtres écrit : « élève intelligent et caractère entier. Bonne volonté ».
Il était déjà promi à un avenir brillant, pourtant, personne ne pouvait imaginer le destin de ce jeune garçon qui allait jouer un rôle prépondérant dans la lutte pour l’indépendance.
A 13 ans, Abane quitte son village natale pour Blida où il poursuit ses études au collège Duveyrier (Lycée Ibn Rochd actuellement). Il y passera sept années en internat, de 1933 à 1942. Et c’est à cette période de sa vie que son caractère se forge. Il devient secret et solitaire.
C’est aussi à cette époque qu’il commence à comprendre réellement ce qui se passe dans son pays. Au collège, comme dans la ville de Blida et dans toutes les autres régions, toutes les tendances politiques sont sur le terrain. « Une section PPA semble avoir fonctionné auprès des élèves… Il y avait par conséquent, au collège même, une atmosphère et des discussions politiques, alimentées par la lecture du journal l’Oumma qui était l’organe du PPA. » (Khalfa Mameri).
Ainsi, il aurait adhéré ou du moins participé aux activités nationalistes du PPA probablement durant les dernières années de scolarité au collège de Blida.
Et du fait de ses activités, les notes de Abane baissent quelque peu, pourtant, en 1941, il obtient le baccalauréat mathématiques avec mention «Bien». Il souhaite devenir avocat, mais son père n’a plus les moyens de lui payer ses études. En ces années difficiles pour les « indigènes », la famille Ramdane sombre dans la misère comme la quasi majorité des familles algériennes durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Abane a 22 ans lorsqu’il est mobilisé à Fort National pour son instruction, puis affecté, dans un régiment de tirailleurs algériens stationné à Blida.
Démobilisé bien après la guerre, il prend contact avec le PPA et milite activement tout en travaillant comme secrétaire de la commune mixte de Châteaudun du Rhummel (Chelghoum Laïd).
Marqué par les massacres du 8 mai 1945, il s’investit encore plus dans le mouvement nationaliste. Et après les élections municipales d’octobre 1947 où le MTLD a eu une victoire très sensible, Abane est convoqué par son administrateur. Ce dernier n’ignorant rien de ses positions, lui demande de faire un choix. Abane lui répond : «Entre vous et moi, il n’y a que ce stylo qui nous est commun ». De là, il quitte son poste et rompt définitivement avec l’administration coloniale. Désormais, il se consacre corps et âme à la cause nationale et plonge dans la clandestinité. En 1948, il est chef de wilaya dans la région de Sétif, puis dans l’Oranie. Il est également membre de l’Organisation spéciale (l’OS), le bras armé du PPA, chargé de préparer la lutte armée.
Mais suite à l’affaire du « complot de l’OS », en 1950, il est activement recherché par la police française. Il est arrêté dans l’ouest et subira plusieurs semaines d’interrogatoire et de torture. En 1951, il est jugé et condamné à 5 ans de prison, 10 ans d’interdiction de séjour, 10 ans de privation des droits civiques et 500 000 francs d’amende pour « atteinte à la sûreté intérieure de l’État ».
Il connaitra plusieurs prisons en Algérie, puis en France, une période très difficile qu’il emploiera à bon escient. Il prendra effectivement le temps d’étudier de près toutes les révolutions de monde.
Après sa libération, en janvier 1955, il est assigné à résidence à Azoua. Il y passe quelques temps auprès de sa mère malade, puis revient à la clandestinité. Il prend en charge la direction politique de la capitale et peu à peu devient très influent.
C’est Abane qui organise et rationalise la lutte. Il rassemble toutes les forces politiques au sein du FLN et donne à la « rébellion » de novembre 1954 une autre dimension, celle d’un grand mouvement de résistance nationale.
Avec d’autres révolutionnaires, il impulse la création du journal clandestin de la Révolution, El Moudjahid, contacte Moufdi Zakaria pour l’écriture de l’hymne national algérien, Kassaman…
Il organise le Congrès de la Soummam le 20 août 1956 à Ifri, événement qui constitue un tournant historique dans l’histoire de la Révolution algérienne jusqu’à l’Indépendance nationale.
Avec Larbi Ben M’Hidi et Yacef Saadi, il déclenche la Bataille d’Alger. Et après l’assassinat de Ben M’hidi, il devient le numéro un de la Révolution, mais doit quitter le pays.
Il gagne Tunis via le Maroc, après une longue marche de plus d’un mois. Dans la capitale tunisienne, il se heurte aux colonels de l’ALN. Il leur reproche leur autoritarisme et l’abandon de la primauté du politique et de l’intérieur, adoptée à la Soummam, ce qui lui vaut des inimitiés.
Le 29 mai 1958, le journal El Moudjahid annonçait à la une « Abane Ramdane est mort au champ d’honneur » ; l’article indiquait qu’il avait été tué au combat lors d’un accrochage avec l’armée française. Mais la vérité est ailleurs. L’architecte de la Révolution a été attiré dans un guet-apens organisé par les colonels du CCE. Il est mort assassiné le 27 décembre 1957, dans une ferme isolée entre Tétouan et Tanger au Maroc. Il a été étranglé par deux hommes de main de Abdelhafid Boussouf.
Son corps, disparu, est symboliquement rapatrié en Algérie, en 1984, pour être « inhumé » au carré des martyrs du cimetière d’El Alia, à Alger.
Zineb Merzouk
Sources :
Khalfa Mameri. Abane Ramdane. Héros de la guerre d’Algérie. L’Harmattan, 1988.
Entretien avec Madame Abane Ramdane (épouse du colonel Dehilès) : « Ben Bella a été fabriqué par les Français ». In Journal LIBERTÉ du 07 – 11 – 2002.
Presse nationale