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56 ans après sa mort le 29 Mars 1959, Le colonel Amirouche toujours d'actualité - Algerie360
Le colonel Amirouche (à gauche) avec son garde du corps
A l’occasion du 56ème anniversaire de sa mort, nous constatons que le colonel Amirouche suscite toujours l’intérêt de par son envergure. Il est devenu en effet, aux yeux des Algériens, le héros national.
Il y a quelques années seulement, les écrits consacrés au colonel Amirouche étaient très sobres. Quelques rares auteurs français spécialisés dans l’Histoire de la guerre d’Algérie se sont contentés de le présenter sommairement, tantôt comme un chef de guerre redoutable, tantôt comme sanguinaire ou alors comme celui qui a massacré des étudiants et des intellectuels dans les maquis. On lui a imputé aussi toutes les exécutions dans l’affaire des bleus.
Certes, en sa qualité de chef de Wilaya, il devait endosser toutes les bavures commises par ses subalternes et même par tous les maquisards de la Kabylie, du moins pendant la période où il était à la tête de la Wilaya III historique à savoir de mai 1957 jusqu’à sa mort, le 29 mars 1959. Après cette date, commencera alors, l’époque de ses successeurs qui furent le commandant Mira Abderahmane et le colonel Akli Mohand Oulhadj. De toute façon, que ce soit pour l’un ou pour l’autre, ce sera une responsabilité indirecte. L’Histoire rendra un jour son verdict.
Il restera le héros de tous les temps
1958 dans la région d’Akbou, avec Tayeb Mouri, Certains auteurs ont consacré des chapitres entiers à Amirouche, mais personne n’a pu cerner sa personnalité, montrer ses qualités et parler éventuellement de ses défauts. On a surtout mis en évidence, l’image d’un homme cruel et sanguinaire. C’est à travers cette image négative que l’on a voulu le présenter, notamment en France où l’opinion a été conditionnée par des écrits, pas toujours honnêtes, d’anciens officiers de l’armée française. Il serait fastidieux de les énumérer, car ils sont nombreux. De plus, cela aboutirait à une polémique stérile. Il demeure néanmoins que l’opinion de chacun sur le personnage peut être influencée par de tels ouvrages.
Aujourd’hui, les jeunes générations ont besoin de savoir qui était-il exactement? Les vieux qui ont vécu son époque ne tarissent pas d’éloges sur lui. De son côté également, la légende populaire, par la voix de nos vieilles, des chanteurs et des conteurs, l’a transporté à travers les contrées. Son nom a résonné partout, que ce soit dans les villes et les villages. Il restera le héros de tous les temps.
Il y a une profonde contradiction entre ce que rapportent ces derniers et les écrits qui parviennent d’outre-mer. C’est ce qui nous a fait penser qu’il était temps de le montrer sous son vrai visage. Il n’y a que ceux qui l’ont connu et accompagné pendant au moins une partie de son itinéraire qui sont aptes à le présenter tel qu’il était. Il n’y a que ses anciens compagnons qui sont capables d’écrire sur lui et le montrer sous son vrai visage. Ce sont de tels témoignages qui ont, jusqu’à présent, fait défaut.
L’homme en lui-même est difficile à cerner. Il faut avoir vécu à ses côtés, l’avoir accompagné dans son périple et même se lier d’une certaine amitié avec lui pour connaître une partie seulement de ce personnage historique, tellement complexe et peut-être controversé. Nous pouvons dire, sans exagération aucune, qu’Amirouche, à travers son parcours, a mérité sa place parmi les grands hommes de notre Révolution.
Après le congrès de la Soummam, j’ai eu l’honneur d’être affecté au PC de la Wilaya III où j’ai séjourné pendant plusieurs mois. Pendant cette période, j’ai eu l’occasion de l’approcher et avec l’équipe du PC de wilaya, nous avions passé ensemble, des journées entières qui furent l’occasion de nous connaître un peu plus chaque jour; c’est à partir de cette période que j’ai pu le connaître et l’apprécier. En plus, je l’ai également accompagné à plusieurs reprises dans ses tournées à travers la Grande Kabylie. C’est pour toutes ces raisons que je me permets aujourd’hui d’apporter mon humble témoignage. Et c’est précisément, ce à quoi veut tendre ce modeste ouvrage.
C’est un essai biographique qui n’a pas été réalisé jusqu’à présent pour certaines raisons, comme l’absence de témoignages écrits de ses anciens compagnons, ce qui aurait permis aux historiens de se pencher sur le passé de notre chef de wilaya; il y a aussi une certaine appréhension pour aborder un tel personnage sans pouvoir tout dire de lui et risquer ainsi de se heurter à des réactions de la part même de ceux qui l’ont connu et qui ont tellement de choses à dire sur lui.
Il est vrai que c’est une tâche complexe pour quelqu’un qui doit apporter un témoignage objectif, en essayant d’aborder tous les contours de la personnalité d’Amirouche. C’est un travail d’approche difficile, mais qui veut être un hommage mérité à ce héros légendaire qui a tant donné pour que l’Algérie retrouve son indépendance. Autant que tous les autres chefs de la révolution, il a milité pendant toute sa vie durant, pour la cause de l’Algérie indépendante, jusqu’à son dernier souffle.
Nous avons estimé qu’il était de notre devoir, du devoir de chacun de nous qui avons survécu à cette guerre, de faire sortir de l’ombre tous ces héros, connus et inconnus, afin que les jeunes générations puissent les découvrir tels qu’ils étaient et porter sur eux un regard neuf, pour avoir une vision juste sur chacun d’eux. Elles pourront alors s’inscrire en faux contre tous leurs détracteurs, c’est-à-dire, ceux qui ont déjà essayé de les diffamer ou qui seraient tentés de le faire. On entendra quelquefois dire, qu’Amirouche a tué telle personne ou a commis tel massacre! Non, en dehors des combats, il n’a jamais tué un civil ou un compagnon, du moins pas durant la période où il était dans la vallée de la Soummam. Un personnage de sa stature, ne pouvait se rabattre au rang de tueur.
Un chef historique
Dans toutes les guerres, il arrive bien qu’un chef «liquide» un prisonnier ennemi trop arrogant ou gênant ou qu’un de ses hommes soit exécuté sur le champ de bataille, pour refus d’obéissance. Amirouche n’a jamais fait cela. En combattant loyal, il ne tirera que sur des soldats en uniforme; jamais, il n’a exécuté quelqu’un de ses propres mains. Aucun maquisard n’a apporté un témoignage dans ce sens. Dans de nombreux cas, ce seront les responsables locaux qui en prendront l’initiative, en s’inspirant bien sûr de ses instructions, de ses directives ou de ses orientations. Il est certain que cela ne le dédouane pas des faits commis par ses subordonnés.
Malheureusement, quelle que soit l’aura ou la gloire d’un chef historique, il se trouvera toujours quelqu’un pour écrire des infamies d’une façon honteuse et vile, au point où les lecteurs eux-mêmes reconnaîtront qu’il s’agit de balivernes. Même Abane Ramdane, appelé par les historiens, le «théoricien de la révolution», n’a pas été épargné. Dans le cas d’Amirouche, ce sera entre autres, son ancien homologue de la Wilaya II historique qui a osé l’accuser d’avoir liquidé «1800 cadres de la Wilaya III.»
Pourtant, celui-ci connaissait sa valeur, surtout après leur rencontre du 6 au 8 décembre 1958 à Ouled Askar, dans le massif de Collo. Certains attribueront cette aversion, à de la pure jalousie. Mais personne ne parviendra à altérer l’image d’un chef, tel Amirouche, adulé par ses hommes et par la population. Il a déjà sa place dans l’Histoire de la guerre de Libération nationale, aux côtés de tous les autres héros. Pour mettre en valeur son impact sur la guerre de Libération nationale et le faire découvrir et montrer sa personnalité, nous lui avons alors consacré deux ouvrages: Le colonel Amirouche – Entre Légende et Histoire (tome 1) publié en 2004. Le tome 2 est intitulé: Le colonel Amirouche – A la croisée des chemins publié en 2006. Le troisième et dernier tome intitulé: Le colonel Amirouche – L’Heure de vérité sera publié dans le courant de cette année.
A notre grand bonheur, deux autres anciens compagnons de notre colonel se sont décidés à livrer leur témoignage. Il s’agit de Hamou Amirouche avec un livre intitulé AKFADOU: un an avec le colonel Amirouche. Hocine Benmalem, général à la retraite vient aussi de publier ses mémoires dans le même sens.
Ainsi, chacun de nous, qui avons côtoyé Amirouche, a essayé, par un travail d’efforts, de mettre en relief le combat de ce chef hors du commun qui a fait la gloire de la Wilaya III et de la révolution algérienne.
Il est enfin devenu, pour nos universitaires, nos intellectuels un sujet de recherche. Et c’est dans ce cadre que le Dr Said Saadi a publié le résultat de son travail avec le titre Le colonel Amirouche: une vie deux morts, un testament. Il y a eu enfin plusieurs thèses qui lui furent consacrées dans plusieurs universités. C’est dire, que le personnage n’a jamais laissé indifférent, même ses ennemis.